First, in the figure, items “1 .Ignorance” and “2. Volitional Formations” represent the conditions that lead a soul to take on a human form.
“Ignorance” refers to the state of being clouded by afflictions from the beginning of timelessness. “Ignorance” means being in the dark about the truth, representing “unawareness” or “misunderstanding.”
“Volitional Formations” are thoughts, words, and actions performed in a state of ignorance.
In the figure, next to “1. Ignorance” and “2. Volitional Formations,” “ Defilements “ signifies “state,” and “Karma” signifies “action.” “Karma” affects both the current and future lives.