A Hostile Architecture Tour Around London ??? Part 2

This is a follow-up to my first article on hostile architecture in London from April 2022. This time with even more photos, and some theory.

While collecting more examples of hostile architecture in London over the summer, I realised that I struggled to understand the seemingly random usage of hostile (or defensive, more about the distinction below) design elements. They seemed far to rare to have a meaningful impact and — overall — unable to fulfil their intention.

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